During my short stay at the oasis, the people left me with the most lasting impression were the Siwan children. No matter how hot during the day, I could still find these kids outside their homes having fun. I often stopped my bicycle and asked these kids for directions. Some would point me towards the right direction, while others might introduce me to their friends from next door or show me their self-made toys. Sometimes I would ask if I could take a photo of them, and just holding my camera towards them would make them laugh for a long long time. It was June 2006, when Siwa was still a relatively unknown travel destination except for backpackers, and the world was far less connected before the emergence of iPhone and Instagram. The kids belonged to a much simpler world back then. It is interesting to look back at their photos. For me, they represent some of the warmest memories of my Egyptian experience.
I saw this kid at the back of the donkey cart more than once at the town centre.I spent a bit of time with these kids on my way to the Temple of Oracle.They were chasing each other in front of their homes.They were friendly and delightful.Some stood by their door and couldn’t stop laughing when they saw me.This boy was on his way to the town centre for grocery. These kids ran behind my bike for a short distance just to say hello.These three children spotted me on my bike from their front porch.I waved to them and they giggled back.It is hard to imagine how their adulthood have turned out now.I also met these kids who made their own toys with a rope, a few plastic bottles and sand.The kid with the Real Madrid jersey showed me how his toy work: tying the sand filled bottles to their hands and running around with the rolling bottles.
Cycling is a popular way to take in attractions that lie further afield from the oasis. Renting a bicycle was quite easy in the town centre. Under the scotching summer heat of around 45 degrees Celsius, riding the bike in Siwa means one has to get a drink every half an hour. That was exactly what I did. Without smartphone or a proper map, cycling by myself also forced me to interact with the locals to ask for directions. With a bike, I was able to venture out a little further away from the town centre to visit the Temple of the Oracle, the Holy Temple of Amun that Alexander the Great visited over two thousand years ago; Fatnas Island, a laid back and lush green area right by Lake Siwa and Gebel al Mawta, the Mountain of the Dead carved with many rock tombs.
Cycling around Siwa brought me to the neighborhood near the Temple of the Oracle.Under the mid morning heat, I could hardly see anybody outside their homes.It wasn’t easy to find somebody to ask for directions in the mostly abandoned Aghurmi village near the Temple of Oracle.The most famous temple of Amun, also known as the Temple of the Oracle. Full of legends and history, the temple was well known in the Classical world after the visit of Alexander the Great, who came all the way into the desert from Alexandria after his conquest of Egypt.Other than Alexander, the temple was also visited by other legendary visitors such as Perseus, Hercules, etc.According to legends, two black priests from the Temple of Amun in Thebes went into exile in the desert, and one of them settled in Siwa and became the Oracle’s sibyl. Some say the Temple of Oracle dates back as early as 1385 BC in honor of Ham, the son of Noah. Another legend has it that the temple was erected by the Greek god Dionysus. The exact origin of the temple remains a myth.200m from the Temple of Oracle stood the ruins of Temple of Umm Ubayd (Temple of Amun). Thanks to Mahmoud Azmy, an Ottomon police chief who decided to blow up the temple in the late 19th century, not much is left at the temple site except some inscriptions and bas relief on a stone wall.After the temples, I continued to cycle around Siwa.It was awfully hot during midday. Every time I passed by a store I would get a bottle of soft drink.On my way to Fatnas Island, I passed by some waterways feeding into Lake Siwa.Fatnas Island is a famous palm grove by Lake Siwa. Sometimes the lake looked pretty dry with salty mudflats.Instead of an island, Fatnas is in fact a peninsula in the salt lake.Known as “Fantasy Island”, Fatnas Island is a good spot to watch sunset with a cup of tea.Siwa is famous for its date palms.For 3000 years, the farmers of Siwa Oasis have been harvesting the chewy Siwa Oasis dates.Excessive drainage have turned the lake into salty mudflats.Known as the Mountain of the Dead, the Gebel al Mawta was an ancient graveyard 1km north of the oasis town.Hundreds of burial holes were carved in the soft sandstone. After two thousand years, not much is left in the tombs, except the undulating cratered landscape of the rock hill.
Spending the night in the oasis town of Siwa was not as dramatic as sleeping under the Milky Way in the Great Sand Sea. Nonetheless, it was an exceptionally peaceful experience to stay the night in Siwa. In the evening, there wasn’t many people on the streets. Alcohol was almost non-existence. While most locals stay in their homes, some tourists would spend their evening smoking shisha or devouring a cup of coffee or tea at a tea house After a delicious couscous dinner, I wandered around the oasis town with my tripod and film camera to document the tranquil nightscape of the oasis. The Shali Fortress was always the focal point no matter where I went in the town centre. Under strong floodlights, the majestic ruins stood proudly above the the new town centre. Each of the eroding structure once contained generations of desert culture and forgotten memories of the ancient Berbers.
With powerful flood lights, the Shali Fortress dominates the nightscape of Siwa Oasis. Below the Shali Fortress, residents of Siwa Oasis lead their peaceful lives.Staying in town centre offered me numerous choices for restaurants and internet cafes.After dinner time, Siwa Restaurants and guesthouses dotted along the base of the Shali Fortress.The Great Mosque is probably the most prominent building of the oasis town.Despite a number of restaurants, tea houses and cafes opened till late at night, there wasn’t many people at the town centre at night.After devastating rain in 1926, the Shali was abandoned and remained as the iconic backdrop of the oasis town ever since.
With an area of approximately 72,000 square metres stretching across western Egypt and eastern Libya, the sand dunes of the Great Sand Sea offer visitors an opportunity to experience a sandy Sahara. Sand seas only cover a minor part of the world’s largest hot desert. The majority of the Sahara is in fact rocky and barren. The remote Siwa Oasis is a popular base to explore the Egyptian side of the Great Sand Sea. Getting out to the vast sea of sand requires a 4×4 vehicle. Most tourists would join a local tour for either an overnight stay in the desert or a half day visit that ends with watching the sunset from the dunes. I opted for an overnight tour. After all, it was such a romantic concept to sleep under the Milky Way in the open Sahara. I shared the 4×4 desert tour with a young American couple. Our 4×4 spent sped out the oasis and spent much of the afternoon doing “roller-coaster” runs up and down the sand dunes. To enjoy the full excitement, the driver told us to sit on top of the 4×4.
After some chill out time on the dunes, we were dropped off at a campsite right by a small artificial pool. After a simple meal, we got to choose to either stay inside a simple stone shelter for the night, or spread out our provided rug and sheets nearby to claim an open spot on the sand. I slept a bit and woke up at around 2am. As soon as I opened my eyes, the imposing Milky Way was right over my head. Until my other stargazing experiences in the Atacama during my 2013 South American journey, the starry sky that night over the Great Sand Sea was probably the most beautiful that I have ever seen.
Doing a desert tour in the Sahara was like a dream came true for me.Low light in the afternoon over the Great Sand Sea offered me a delightful moment for photography.The afternoon desert scenery was as romantic as anyone could have hoped for.After several rounds of roller-coaster runs on the dunes, our 4×4 had a flat tire. The driver immediately stopped the vehicle and changed the tire on the spot.Probably caused by the wind, the wavy pattern of the sand worked perfectly with the low afternoon light.The wavy pattern appeared more obvious at certain spots in the desert.At one point, we walked to the top of a sand dune and did some sand tobogganing.Ridge of a sand dune in late afternoon.Ridge of a sand dune in late afternoon.Sunset over the desertBeautiful sand pattern Our campsite was close to some large sand dunes.Probably because of the water, more vegetation could be found near our campsite.Not until early morning that I could notice the patches of salt on the ground near our campsite.Our campsite was centered at a small pool.Overview of our campsite.
With a constant temperature of 29 degrees Celsius, the Ain Juba or Cleopatra’s Spring is a popular tourist attraction near Siwa Oasis. While some say Cleopatra swam in the pool during her visit to the oasis, many other historians dispute about this legend and insist that the spring has nothing to do with the famous Queen of Egypt. The spring is nonetheless ancient and well known in times of antiquity. Referred as the Fountain of the Sun by Herodotus, legend has it that Alexander the Great followed a group of birds in the desert and reached the famous spring during his conquest of Persia. From history to the present, the spring remains as a reliable treat of a cool refreshing dip for tired travellers.
Many tourists reach the pool as part of a local tour going out to the Great Sand Sea, it can also be reached by cycling on the road to the Temple of the Oracle. For me, I have done both, first as part of a local tour on the way to stay a night in the desert, and second time by bicycle on my way to the ruined temple. On my first time, I spent most of my time chatting with the friendly pool caretaker in the pool hut. I didn’t notice any bather during my two visits. Given the fact that swimmers were advised to bath with a t-shirt on in respect to local customs, I didn’t get into the famous water myself given I didn’t have an extra t-shirt with me on both occasions.
I joined a Jeep tour out to the Great Sand Sea. Along the way, we passed by a salt flat and Cleopatra’s Spring. Salt flats are common in deserts around the world where water from former lakes have been evaporated, leaving behind salt and minerals on the ground.Known as Qattara Depression, the area west of Siwa is the second lowest point in Africa. Covered with salt flats, salt marshes and sand dunes, dangerous quagmires are not uncommon in the depression. During WWII, Qattara Depression was considered impassable for military vehicles and tanks due to the danger of quagmires. There are a number of springs in the area of Siwa Oasis, including Cleopatra’s Spring, Ain Tamusi (Spring of the Bridge), Ain Arais, Fatnas Spring, Ain Qurayshat, Bir Wahed, etc.Trapped in subterranean chambers, there is actually plenty of spring water below the Western Desert. At a level below the sea, subterranean spring water is much easier to access in the Qattara Depression.Well maintained by caretakers, the Cleopatra’s Spring is frequented by locals and tourists.The main pool at Cleopatra’s Spring is circumscribed by a retaining stone wall.Resting huts and tea houses dot around the pool.Spring water in Siwa is highly salinized. There is a significant amount of ulvacean green algae in the spring water.
Perched above the town centre stands the 13th century Fortress of Shali is the grand centerpiece of Siwa Oasis town. For centuries, the fortress stood to protect the local Berber community against all outsiders. In fact, few outsiders have ever set foot inside the fortress throughout history. In 1926, a three-day rain caused great damages to the kershif (local salt and mud) buildings of the Shali. The locals abandoned the centuries-old fortress and relocated themselves in new houses adjacent to the Shali. Since then, the mighty fortress was left for self decay and gradual erosion from wind and occasional rain.
In 2018, a joint effort by the EU and the Egyptian company Environmental Quality International began to restore the crumbling ruins of the Shali. The government was hoping that a restored fortress in Siwa would boost eco-tourism in the faraway oasis town. The EU funded project aims to restore traditional marketplaces, upgrades environmental services and establishes a child healthcare centre for the villagers. Not everyone agrees with the restoration. For some locals, the Shali is better to be left in its ruined state and the resources to be spent on something else.
For decades, the Shali fortress has served as an iconic backdrop for the oasis town.The Shali is also a popular photo spot for tourists.Wandering in the Shali in early morning was a great way to start my day.With the arid climate of the Western Desert, it is hard to believe that the fortress was actually destroyed by rain.The Shali offers visitors some good lookout points for some birdeye’s views of Siwa.The extent of erosion damages was quite apparent as I looked down from the Shali.Karshif or kershef, the traditional material made of local clay and salt, has been used to construct many buildings in Siwa, including the Shali Fortress.Restoration work of the Shali began in November 2020. Time will tell if the project can successfully revive the fortress village and boost tourism for Siwa.The chimney-shaped minaret of the old mosque of Shali is the best kept structure in the fortress.Completed in 1203, the Old Mosque of Shali Fortress stands today as the oldest monument in the Shali.Upon restoration, the old mosque would open its doors for future visitors.Donkeys are kept in walled yard near the edge of the Shali.Only a few houses in the Shali were still inhabited during my visit in 2006.Known as Mountain of the Dead, Gebel al-Mawta is a small hill dotted with rock tombs at the northern end of Siwa Oasis.
In the midst of the Great Sand Sea in the Western Desert 560km west of Cairo, Siwa Oasis is one of the most remote destinations and a town deepest in the mighty Sahara that tourists may reach in Egypt. Only 50km away from the Libyan border, Siwa lies in a natural depression about 19m below sea level. Occupied mostly by a group of Berber people who have developed their own culture and distinct dialect Siwi, Siwa Oasis is one of Egypt’s most isolated settlements. Until a tarmac road was built in 1984 to Marsa Matruh at the Mediterranean Coast, Siwa was only accessible by camels. Despite its remoteness, Siwa has long been a famous place in times of antiquity when a Greek oracle temple dedicated to the Egyptian sun god Amun was established in about 700 BC. In 331 BC, a celebrated conqueror from Macedon set sail from his newly founded Egyptian city by the Mediterranean Coast to Mersa Matruh, and then marched inland into the desert to reach the remote oracle. His visit has forever put Siwa on the map of history. This military genius is commonly known as Alexander the Great.
Home to spectacular landscapes, ancient ruins and distinct oasis culture, Siwa has been considered as an alternative destination in Egypt away from the popular Nile region and Red Sea resorts. For me, the simple idea of venturing out to the far end of the Western Desert in Egypt was tempting enough. Before the emergence of smartphones, Instagram and even Facebook, Siwa was not a well known tourist destination back in 2006. I learnt about Siwa Oasis from Lonely Planet guidebook. Given the anticipated impact of speedy globalization, I feared that the remote Oasis would turn into a resort town in a few years’ time. Thus I decided to pick Siwa as the last stop of my 2006 Middle East trip.
My journey to Siwa began with a 2.5 hour train ride from Cairo Ramses Station to Alexandria. From Alexandria, it was another 10 hour bus ride to Siwa with a brief stop at Marsa Matruh.Upon arrival, I checked in at one of the several simple guest houses in town centre. Entering the heart of the oasis town via its main road for the first time, I was amazed by the ruined mud fortress, Shali Ghadi, in the middle of Siwa. Most buildings in Siwa are constructed with local mud and palm logs. Donkey and horse carts are quite common in Siwa.There is enough water in Siwa to sustain donkeys and horses. Local mud bricks and palm logs are the main construction material in Siwa. Erosion from rain and wind would gradually wear down the structures.My visit was in early summer, and it was extremely hot in Siwa during the day. As a famous oasis in the Great Sand Sea, palm tree groves are never far away in Siwa.Donkey cart is the local taxi in Siwa.During the hottest hours, the town appeared to be empty except occasional kids playing in the streets.The mud houses in Siwa appear like coming straight out from a movie set.Cats are everywhere in Egypt, even at the remote desert oasis. All locals I met in Siwa were very friendly. While appearing quite empty, Siwa Oasis actually has a population of about 33,000. The whole town is filled with houses.Many houses in Siwa are covered with plaster over the mud and salt bricks.In some occasions, text are painted onto the outer walls of houses.The rough texture of the buildings in Siwa is actually quite photogenic.Siwa is a great place to stroll around and get lost in. Many tourists, including me, would hire a bike for attractions outside of Siwa.
The chimney-shaped minaret of the old mosque of Shali is the best kept structure in the fortress.
Blue Lapis Road 